Occurrence of Mycoplasmaspp. and Ureaplasmaspp. in genital specimens

Mycoplasmaspp. and Ureaplasmaspp. belong tohumans'genitourinary microbiota and sometimesare associated with infections of the genitourinarytract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of Mycoplasmaspp. and Ureaplasmaspp. in genital specimens from patients of the 15thRegional de Saúde of ParanáState, Brazil, and to correlate the results with clinical and laboratory data.A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted,based on the analysis of results of vaginal, endocervical, urine andurethral culture for mycoplasmas from patients attended in areference laboratory, from January 2009 to December 2016. We evaluated 2,475 results of culture for mycoplasmas. A total of 50.8% patients were positive for mycoplasmas. Of these, 76.8%had positive culture exclusively for Ureaplasmaspp. and 4.7% for Mycoplasmahominis. Both microorganisms were isolated in the microbiology culture of 18.5% of patients. Among the positive culture, 81.4% had significant concentrations.Bacterialvaginosis was the most common alteration observed in association with mycoplasmas.Thehigh positivity of cultures for mycoplasmas, especially Ureaplasmaspp. found in our study, highlightthe presence of these microorganisms in many of the genital tract disorders that can be sexually transmitted and, consequently, should not be neglected.

Reproductive disorders caused by Toxoplasma gondii in sheep / Alterações reprodutivas causadas por Toxoplasma gondii em ovinos / Alteraciones reproductivas causadas por Toxoplasma gondii en ovinos

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan, intracellular, obligatory parasite protozoan of importance to public and animal health. In sheep, this species is a causative agent of reproductive disorders. The main sign produced by T. gondii infection in this species is abortion, which causes economic losses to sheep ranching. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the abortion outbreaks and reproductive disorders caused by T. gondii infection in sheep, also addressing aspects of biology, diagnosis, prevention and control of the parasite.

Toxoplasma gondii es un parásito protozoario intracelular obligatorio cosmopolita, de importancia para la salud pública y animal. En la especie ovina es reconocido como agente causador de trastornos reproductivos. El principal síntoma producido por la infección con Toxoplasma en ovinos es el aborto, lo que provoca pérdidas económicas. Este artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar los brotes de aborto y alteraciones reproductivas causadas por la infección con T. gondii en la especie ovina, abordando también aspectos de la biología, diagnóstico, prevención y control del parásito.

Toxoplasma gondii é um parasito protozoário intracelular obrigatório cosmopolita de importância para saúde pública e animal. Na espécie ovina é reconhecido como agente causador de distúrbios reprodutivos. O principal quadro clínico causado pela infecção pelo Toxoplasma em ovinos é o abortamento, que causa perdas econômicas. O principal objetivo deste artigo é fazer um levantamento dos surtos de abortamentos e alterações reprodutivas causadas pela infecção por T. gondii na espécie ovina, abordando ainda aspectos da biologia, diagnóstico, prevenção e controle do parasito.